ESC

Research

All areas
Human-Centered XR & AI
Immersive Learning & Workforce Training
XR-Mediated Human-Robot Collaboration
Digital Twin & Intelligent Manufacturing
Adaptive & Intelligent XR Systems
All keywords
AI-Assisted Learning
Adaptive Interfaces
Adversarial Attacks
Augmented Reality
Calibration
Cognition Awareness
Cognitive Load Theory
Computer Vision
Digital Twin
Embodied AI
Embodied Interaction
Environmental Monitoring
Errors
First Responders
Head-Mounted Displays
Human Computer Interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-Robot Interaction
Hurricane Scenarios
Interactive Learning
Large Language Models
Learning Science
Machine Learning
Meta Quest 3S
Mixed Reality
Motion Capture
Object Detection
Remote Sensing
Robot Programming
Robot Trajectory Manipulation
Robotics
Robots
Robustness Evaluation
Smart Factory
Spatial Perception
Teleoperation
Training Simulation
Unity
Unity Engine
User Interface
Virtual Reality
Vision-Language-Action (VLA)
All years
2026
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019

AI Identification and Mapping of Invasive Aquatic Plants

AI Identification and Mapping of Invasive Aquatic Plants

Lucas Parker, Adolfo Lares Leon, Cade Dotson, Irving Granados, Quinn Shoemaker

Wenhao Yang

2025-9 – 2026-5

Computer VisionMachine LearningEnvironmental MonitoringRemote SensingAI-Assisted Learning

This project develops an AI-based system using a convolutional neural network to identify aquatic plant species from images, particularly distinguishing yellow floating heart from visually similar classes. A custom dataset, together with data preprocessing, augmentation, and iterative model optimization, was used to achieve strong classification accuracy and generalization performance. The final system, equipped with a real-time user interface, provides a scalable and efficient solution for automated plant identification, reducing reliance on manual inspection.

An Immersive Virtual Reality Learning System with an LLM-Integrated Conversational Avatar for Real-Time Educational Assistance

An Immersive Virtual Reality Learning System with an LLM-Integrated Conversational Avatar for Real-Time Educational Assistance

Virtual RealityLarge Language ModelsHuman-Computer InteractionUnity EngineAI-Assisted Learning

This project develops an immersive VR learning system integrated with an LLM-powered conversational avatar for real-time educational assistance. The system enables in-environment question answering within a virtual classroom, addressing the lack of open-ended interaction in existing VR tools. A Unity-based prototype with a local LLM was evaluated through case studies and baseline comparison with a PC-based AI system.

Development of an Interactive AR-Based Educational Application for Demonstrating Newton's Cradle Motion

Development of an Interactive AR-Based Educational Application for Demonstrating Newton’s Cradle Motion

John Gust

Wenhao Yang

2026-1 – 2026-5

Augmented RealityInteractive LearningHuman-Computer InteractionUnity Engine

This project presents the development of an interactive augmented reality (AR) application designed to demonstrate the motion of a Newton’s cradle for educational purposes. With the increasing use of mobile devices among children, the application aims to leverage AR technology to provide an engaging and accessible platform for learning fundamental physics concepts such as momentum transfer, energy conservation, and damping.

Advanced Mixed Reality Training for First Responders in Hurricane Scenarios

Advanced Mixed Reality Training for First Responders in Hurricane Scenarios

Mixed RealityFirst RespondersHurricane ScenariosTraining Simulation

This project develops and evaluates an advanced Mixed Reality (MR) training platform for hurricane and flood response, aimed at enhancing preparedness for both first responders and community members. Built using Unity and deployed on the Meta Quest 3, the system overlays dynamic virtual hazards nto real-world environments.

Real-Time Object Detection for Mixed Reality on Meta Quest 3S Using AI Building Blocks

Real-Time Object Detection for Mixed Reality on Meta Quest 3S Using AI Building Blocks

Wenhao Yang

2026-3 – 2026-4

Augmented RealityMixed RealityObject DetectionUnityMeta Quest 3S

This research project focuses on the development and deployment of a real-time object detection system for Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) environments using the Meta Quest 3S platform. Leveraging the newly released AI Building Blocks provided in Meta SDK v83+ and the Meta XR MR Utility Kit v83+.

MOTION: AI-Driven Biomechanical Motion Capture for Augmented Reality Rehabilitation

MOTION: AI-Driven Biomechanical Motion Capture for Augmented Reality Rehabilitation

Aiden Ma

Wenhao Yang

2026-2 – 2026-3

Mixed RealityMotion CaptureEmbodied InteractionAdaptive Interfaces

MOTION is an AI-powered AR rehabilitation system that uses real-time biomechanical motion capture and adaptive feedback to improve movement accuracy and engagement. By combining body tracking, gamified interaction, and remote clinician support, the platform enables accessible and personalized rehabilitation in XR environments.

Seeing Isn't Believing: The Vertical-Horizontal Illusion Across Screens and XR Headsets

Seeing Isn’t Believing: The Vertical-Horizontal Illusion Across Screens and XR Headsets

Wenhao Yang, Yueqing Li, Xinyu Liu

2026-2 – 2026-3

Mixed RealityHead-Mounted DisplaysHuman Computer InteractionSpatial Perception

The Vertical-Horizontal Illusion (VHI) biases perceived geometric proportions across visual displays. This study introduces the Square Recognition Test (SRT), a unified method to measure perceived squareness across devices. A within-subject study (N = 24) on PC, mobile, and AR HMDs shows a consistent bias toward slightly wider-than-tall rectangles (PSE ≈ 1.02-1.04), indicating device-invariant VHI effects.

Exploring the Adversarial Vulnerabilities of Vision-Language-Action Models in Robotics

Taowen Wang, James Liang, Luna Xinyu Zhang

Wenhao Yang, Cheng Han, Dongfang Liu, Qifan Wang, Jiebo Luo, Ruixiang Tang

2025-2 – 2025-7

Vision-Language-Action (VLA)RoboticsAdversarial AttacksRobustness EvaluationRobot Trajectory ManipulationEmbodied AI

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to perform complex tasks by integrating visual and language inputs, but they also introduce new security risks. This work systematically evaluates VLA robustness by designing both untargeted and targeted attacks that exploit spatial and functional properties of robotics. We further propose a physical adversarial patch attack, effective in both simulation and real-world settings. Experiments show up to a 100% drop in task success rates, revealing critical vulnerabilities and motivating the need for stronger defenses in VLA-based robotic systems.

A global calibration to solve the misregistration problems in VST AR system

A global calibration to solve the misregistration problems in VST AR system

2021-10 – 2023-2

Augmented RealityCalibrationErrorsRobots

The purpose of this study is to introduce a calibration method for the registration problem in a video seethrough Augmented Reality (AR) system. This study investigates error sources and presents an efficient calibration procedure to reduce the misalignment accuracy via HMD-to-Camera transformation.

A Tele-robot System with Mixed-Reality Interaction

A Tele-robot System with Mixed-Reality Interaction

2022-6 – 2022-9

Augmented RealityTeleoperationUser InterfaceRobotics

This study describes the development of a tele-robot control system that utilizes a Mixed Reality headset, (HoloLens 2), to remotely control Automated Guided Vehicles (Rover Pro). The system features a user-friendly interface that offers three control methods: motion control, physical button control, and virtual button control.

Augmented reality assisted smart factory management system development

Augmented reality assisted smart factory management system development

2021-12 – 2022-2

Augmented RealitySmart FactoryDigital Twin

An AR headset-based prototyping system has been developed to offer a clear and intuitive digital visualization for the purpose of exploring the potential applications of smart factories. This project presents a case study of a maintenance application in a CNC machine shop for technicians.

Augmented reality assisted maintenance and repair system development

Augmented reality assisted maintenance and repair system development

2021-12 – 2022-2

Augmented Reality

This project demonstrates the potential of utilizing digital twin technology with an Augmented Reality interface for improved maintenance procedures. By presenting a demo system of a repair process, this work aims to highlight the benefits of using AR for clear and intuitive visualization of the device being repaired, resulting in improved accuracy and ease of instruction for technicians.

An application of depth map completion and super-resolution in AR rendering

An application of depth map completion and super-resolution in AR rendering

2021-9 – 2021-11

Augmented Reality

This project presents an experiment on an AR-based human-robot interaction scenario, aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of a proposed method for addressing occlusion problems in the rendering of virtual objects. The method involves the use of depth completion and super-resolution techniques to enhance the visual quality.

Visualization error analysis for augmented reality stereo VST system

Visualization error analysis for augmented reality stereo VST system

2021-5 – 2021-11

Augmented Reality

In this research study, the sources of registration errors were identified in stereo video see-through systems and a mathematical model was established to describe the propagation of these errors in the display process.

System design of a human-centered AR HRI with cognition awareness

System design of a human-centered AR HRI with cognition awareness

2019-11 – 2021-10

Human-Robot InteractionAugmented RealityCognition AwarenessCognitive Load TheoryLearning Science

This work proposed a novel system, HAR2bot, for path planning tasks in complex environments. The proposed system effectively balances the communication between the operator and the robot to minimize the cognitive burden associated with the design loop, leading to improved task efficiency and accuracy.

Augmented reality-based human-robot interaction system

Augmented reality-based human-robot interaction system

Wenhao Yang

2019-08 – 2020-11

Human-Robot InteractionAugmented RealityRobot Programming

This project proposed and developed an intuitive and immersive AR-based interface for cobot (AUBO i5) programming, aiming to address the challenges in performing path planning tasks in complex environments.